↑ Nordhoff, Sebastian; Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin biên tập (2013). “Circassian”. Glottolog. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.
↑ Kuipers, Aert H. (1960). Phoneme and morpheme in Kabardian (eastern Adyghe). The Hague: Mouton & Co. tr. 7.
↑ Smeets, Henricus Joannes (1984). Studies in West Circassian phonology and morphology. Leiden: The Hakuchi Press. tr. 41. ISBN90-71176-01-0.